Chiefly Derived From A Genus Of Leguminous Plants Called Indigofera
: ON THE PRIMARY, BLUE.found in India, Africa, and America. The colouring matter of these is
wholly in the cellular tissue of the leaves, as a secretion or juice;
not, however, in the blue state in which one is accustomed to see
indigo, but as a colourless substance, which continues white only so
long as the tissue of the leaf remains perfect: when this is by any
means destroyed, oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere, and the
principle beco
water, but the commercial article seldom contains more than 50 per cent.
of blue colouring matter or true indigo, the remainder consisting of
either accidental or intentional impurities.
In painting, indigo is not nearly so bright as Prussian blue, but it is
extremely powerful and transparent, and may be described as a Prussian
blue in mourning. Of great body, it glazes and works well both in water
and oil. Its relative permanence as a dye has obtained it a false
character of extreme durability as a pigment, a quality in which it is
nevertheless very inferior even to Prussian blue. By impure air it is
injured, and in glazing some specimens are firmer than others, but not
durable; while in tint with white lead they are all fugitive. Employed
in considerable body in shadow, it is more permanent, but in all
respects Prussian blue is superior.
Despite this want of stability, indigo is a favourite colour with many
artists, who sacrifice by its use future permanence to present effect.
It is so serviceable a pigment for so many purposes, especially in
admixture, that its sin of fugacity is overlooked. Hence we find indigo
constantly mentioned in works on painting, their authors forgetting or
not caring to remember that wholesome axiom, a fugitive colour is not
rendered durable by being compounded. Artistically, it is adapted for
moonlights, and when mixed with a little lamp black, is well suited for
night clouds, distant cliffs, &c. With a little raw umber and madder it
is used for water in night effects. With the addition of a little madder
it forms a good gray; and with madder and burnt Sienna is useful for
dark rocks, this combination, with raw Sienna, being also eligible for
boats. For these and other mixed tints, however, Prussian blue saddened
by black with a suspicion of green in it, is equally fitted, and is more
permanent. Indeed, it would be perhaps justifiable to introduce such a
compound, under the name say, of Factitious Indigo.
Indigo in dust, or in small bits, is often adulterated with sand,
pulverized slate, and other earthy substances. That indigo is best which
is lightest, brightest, most copper-coloured, most fine-grained, and
inodorous.
TTITLE INTENSE BLUE
is indigo refined by solution and precipitation. By this process, indigo
becomes more durable, and, being separated from impurities, is rendered
much more powerful, transparent, and deep. It washes and works admirably
in water; in other respects it possesses the common properties of
indigo. It is apt, however, to penetrate the paper on which it is
employed, if not well freed by washing from the acid and saline matter
used in its preparation. This is not always easily effected, and we
cannot help thinking that in the manufacture of intense blue a dry
method would be preferable. Indigo may, by cautious management, be
volatilized, and therefore be most thoroughly purified without the aid
of acids and alkalies. The best mode of subliming this substance is to
mix one part of indigo with two parts of plaster of Paris, make the
whole into a paste with water, spread it upon an iron plate, and, when
quite dry, heat it by a spirit lamp. The volatilization of the indigo
is aided by the vapour of water disengaged from the gypsum, and the
surface of the mass becomes covered with beautiful crystals of pure
indigo, which may be readily removed by a thin spatula. At a higher
temperature, charring and decomposition take place.
TTITLE PRUSSIAN BLUE,
More
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Being The Most Positive Of Colours And Holding The Middle Station Of
the primaries, red contrasts and harmonizes with black and white, which ... Belong The Dutch And Flemish Schools; The Sensible Which Aims At
refined and select nature, and accords with the Venetian school; and the ... Besides The Preceding There Is A Basic Prussian Blue Formed By
simply submitting to the air the bluish-white precipitate which falls on adding yellow prussiate of potash to green vitriol. This compound dissolves entirely by continued washing with water, yielding a beautiful deep blue solution, from which the colo... Between White And Black True Or Normal Grey Is Only Obtainable By
admixture of pure white with pure black, various proportions of which afford numerous tones of pure grey. In practice it may likewise be ... Between Yellow And Blue; And Is Also In Like Intermediate Relation
... Bixine Is A Purified Extract Of Anotta Made In France And Used By
dyers. ... Black For Of Such Subdued Tones Are Those Greens By Which The More
vivid tints of nature are opposed. Accordingly, the various greens of foliage are always more or less semi-neutral in hue. As green is the most general colour of vegetal nature and principal in foliage; so red, its harmonizing colour, with compounds o... Blackened The Cobalt Blue Greened The Genuine Ultramarine Remained
... Blanc D'argent Or Silver White Ceruse Dutch White French
... Blue Is Furnished By Aureolin Alluded To In The Last Chapter The
secondary and tertiary colours, having all duplex relations, may incline without default to either of their relatives. ... Blue Of The Washtub And Blue Sand Of The Pottery Or The Dumont's
... Blue Sky Seemed By Contrast With The Ultramarine Of A Grey Or Slate
... Blue The Secondary Purple And Its Allies Crimson &c It Gives Some
degree of warmth to all colours, especially to those which partake of yellow. ... Body Was Formerly Prepared From Indigo--in Spanish Anil Whence The
name; but is now produced on a larger scale from benzol, a coal-tar product. As the source of mauve and magenta, aniline must be considered the parent of coal-tar colours generally. Little was known of it at one time except that on being mixed with a ... Body; By Which In Other Pigments Especially Those That Are
... Bole Almagra Sil Atticum Terra Sinopica &c They Are Rather
hues and tints than definite colours, or more properly belong to the tertiary, semi-neutral, and broken colours. As a rule they are native pigments, found in most countries, and very abundantly and fine in our own; but some are products of manufacture... Books It Is Named Vermilion In Allusion To The Insect Or Vermes
from which it is prepared. This insect is the "coccus ilicis," which feeds upon the leaves of the prickly oak in the south of Europe. Like the "coccus cacti," it is covered with a whitish dust, and yields a tinctorial matter soluble in water and alcoh... Brilliancy And Absolute In Permanency Cadmium Red Next Attracts
notice. This new aspirant for artistic fame is a most vivid orange-scarlet, the latter colour predominating, of intense fire, but with no approach to rankness or harshness, yielding delicate pale washes, and blending happily with white in the formatio... Brilliant Ultramarine Factitious Ultramarine Guimet's
... Brown Stil De Grain Citrine Lake Or Quercitron Lake Is Usually
prepared from the berries of Avignon (ramnus infectorius), better known as French, Persian, or Turkey berries; but a more durable and quicker drying species is obtained from the quercitron bark. If produced from the former, it must be branded as fugit... Browns And The Cold Semi-neutral Grays Marrone Is Practically To
shade, what red is to light; and its relations to other colours are those of red, &c., when we invert the scale from black to white. It is therefore a following, or shading, colour of red and its derivatives; and hence its accordances, contrasts, and ... Browns Grays And All Broken Colours It Is Likewise The Second
power in harmonizing and contrasting other colours, as well as in ... But A Mixture Of Black And White; But Pure Or Neutral Black And White
... But Run Under The Names Of Euchrome And Mineral Brown They Have
been introduced into commerce for civil and marine painting. TTITLE CASSEL EARTH, ... By Mixing His Colours With White The Artist Obtains His Tints By
... Called Also Mineral Yellow Has Improperly Been Classed As An
orpiment, from which it differs in not being a sulphide, and in containing lead. It is prepared from arsenic fluxed with litharge, and reduced to powder. It is much like orpiment in colour, dries better, and not being affected by lead, is less liable ... Called Also Mineral Yellow Is Found In Most Countries And Abundantly
in our own. It differs much both in constitution and colour, ranging from a tolerably bright though not vivid yellow to a brown-yellow, and is generally of a warm cast. Its natural variety is much increased by artificial dressing and compounding. The ... Called Also Spanish Ochre Is A Very Bright Yellow Or Roman Ochre
burnt, by which operation it acquires warmth, colour, transparency, and depth. Moderately bright, it forms good flesh tints with white, dries and works well both in water and oil, and is a very good and eligible pigment. It may be used in enamel paint... Called Brown And Enters Largely Into The Complex Hues Termed Buff
bay, tawny, tan, dan, dun, drab, chestnut, roan, sorrel, hazel, auburn, isabela, fawn, feuillemort, &c. Yellow is naturally associated with red in transient and prismatic colours, and is the principal power with it in representing the effects of warmt... Called Green In Landscape And Invisible Green In Mechanic Painting
It is to be noted that in producing these and other compound colours on the palette or canvass, those mixtures will most conduce to the harmony of the performance which are formed of pigments otherwise generally employed in the picture. Thus, presumin... Called When Levigated Body White Is An English White Lead In The
form of scales or plates, sometimes grey on the surface. It takes its name from its figure, is occasionally equal to Crems white in colour, and generally surpasses in body all other white leads. In composition, it is a mixture of protocarbonate and hy... Camboge Gamboage Cambogia Cambadium Cambogium
... Carmine Crimson Lake Scarlet Lake Purple Lake Chinese
... Carmine Pink Madder Rose Madder Madder Lake And Liquid
... Catechu Is An Extract Of The Khair Tree Or Acacia Catechu Of Bombay
Bengal, and other parts of India. With the exception of such earthy matters as are communicated to it during the preparation, or are added purposely as adulterants, catechu is entirely soluble both in water and alcohol. An aqueous solution has a reddi... Charcoal Liege Or Vine Black Is A Well-burnt And Levigated
charcoal prepared from vine twigs, of weaker body than ivory or lamp black, and consequently better suited to the grays and general mixed tints of landscape painting, in which it is not so likely to look black and sooty as the others may do. Of a cool... Chiefly Derived From A Genus Of Leguminous Plants Called Indigofera
found in India, Africa, and America. The colouring matter of these is wholly in the cellular tissue of the leaves, as a secretion or juice; not, however, in the blue state in which one is accustomed to see indigo, but as a colourless substance, which ... Chinese Rouge And Pink Saucers Have Much Of The Qualities Of And
appear to be also prepared from, the safflower. ... Citrine; While Mixed With Purple It Becomes The Other Extreme
... Coeruleum Of Pliny Were A Blue Copper Earth However That May Be In
these days both names signify cobalt compounds, coeruleum being a stannate of cobalt, and cyanine a mixture of cobalt and Prussian blue. Unlike the former, cyanine, being composed of two old colours, can lay no claim to originality. In the fourth chap... Colour
Other things being equal, those artificial ultramarines are most durable which possess the most colour; and all are, perhaps, most permanent in water. If used in that vehicle, care should be taken to employ a gum free from acid; also, whether in wat... Colour Also May Comprise A Similar Series Of Hues Between The Extremes
of the colours composing it. And as the relations of colours have been deduced regularly, from white or light to black or shade; so the same may be done, inversely, from black to white. On this plan the tertiaries, olive, russet, and citrine, take the... Colour It Has Already Been Observed Is Wholly Relative In
contrasting, therefore, any colour, if we wish it to have light or brilliancy, we cast its opposite into the shade; if we would have it warm, we cool its antagonist; and if transparent, we oppose it by an ... Colour Remarks Ruskin Is Wholly Relative; Each Hue Throughout A Work
is altered by every touch added in other places. Thus, to place white beside a colour is to heighten its tone; to set black beside a colour is to weaken its tone; while to put grey beside a colour, is to render it more brilliant. If a dark colour be p... Colours Are Advancing Or Retiring In Their Quality--as Depth
delicacy, &c., not in their hue. A blue object set side-by-side a yellow one will not look an inch farther off, but a red or orange cloud, in the upper sky, will always seem to be beyond a blue cloud close to us, as it ... Colours It Is Composed Of The Extreme Primaries Yellow And Blue
and is most perfect in hue when constituted in the proportions of three of yellow to eight of blue of equal intensities; because such a green will exactly neutralize and contrast a perfect red in the ratio of eleven to five, either of space or power. ... Colours It Is The Coolest As Well As The Nearest In Relation To Black
or shade; in which respect, and in never being a warm colour, it resembles blue. In other respects also, purple partakes of the properties of blue, which is its archeus, or ruling colour; hence it is to the eye a retiring colour, that reflects light l... Colours With The Neutral Black Of The Various Combinations Of Black
those in which yellow, orange, or citrine predominates, have obtained the name of brown, &c. A second class in which the compounds of black are of a predominant red, purple, or russet hue, comprises marrone, chocolate, &c. And a third class, in which ... Colours:--
... Combined With Blue Cool And Retiring It Is However More Congenial
with yellow than with blue, and thence partakes more of the character of the former in its effects of warmth, the influence of light and distance, and action on the eye, by which the power of vision is diminished on viewing this colour in a strong lig... Composition Chemical Analysis Has Shown Several Of The Blues To Be
oxide of copper with a small proportion of iron; none containing cobalt. There is little doubt, however, that the most brilliant specimens--those which retain all their original force and beauty in the temples of Upper Egypt after an exposure of three... Composition Of Black
As a pigment, yellow is a tender delicate colour, easily defiled, when pure, by other colours. In painting it diminishes the power of the eye by its action in a strong light, at the same time becoming less distinct as a colour; while, on the contrar... Compound In Infinite Shades All Of Which Are Neutral Also Or Grey
... Compounded And Be As A Mixture Semi-stable Or Fugitive
It need hardly be observed that the number of permanent orange, green, and purple hues which the artist can compound, depends mainly on the number of permanent yellows, reds, and blues at his disposal. In mixed orange, therefore, a selection of dura... Compounding Black And All Other Neutrals Into Which It Enters In The
proportion of five,--to blue, eight,--and yellow, three. Red is a colour of double power in this respect too; that, in union or ... Compounds Termed Purpurates Among Them May Be Mentioned A Red
purpurate of lead, a purple-red and a rose-coloured purpurate of mercury, a purple-red purpurate of silver, a dark red-brown purpurate of strontia, a crystalline red purpurate of cobalt, a scarlet purpurate of platinum, a yellow purpurate of zinc, and... Comprise And Are Known Under The Names Of:--white Lead Flake White
... Comprise Cerulian Blue Or Coeruleum Cobalt Blue Smalt
... Comprise Red Ochre Indian Red Light Red Venetian Red
... Comprise The Varieties Known As French Ultramarine French Blue
... Connexion With Yellow It Becomes Hot And Advancing; But Mixed Or
... Constitutes In Like Manner The Tertiary Russet Of The Three Secondary
... Contains Among Other Substances A Fine White Lazulite In The Musee
... Contrast Of Hues Upon Which Depend The Brilliancy Force And Harmony
of colouring, we have just spoken; but there is, secondly, the contrast ... Cory's Yellow Madder Or Cory's Madder Is Classed Among The Browns
for the same reason that Italian Pink was ranked among the yellows. It was stated in the eighth chapter that no true madder yellow, brilliant and pure, exists as a pigment at the present day, and certainly this preparation can lay no claim to the titl... Crimson To A Delicate Rose And Are Known As Madder Carmine Field's
... D'encouragement Of Paris Which Was Won In 1828 By M Guimet It Is
fitting that the discoverer of a colour should excel in its manufacture, and to this day Guimet's ultramarine is the finest made. As an instance of how the researches of different men may, almost simultaneously, lead to the same results, it is curious... Deep Green; Or When The Russet Inclines To Orange A Gray Or
... Described As Cory's Brown Madder
... Desiccation Or Drying The Well-known Additions Of The Acetate Or
sugar of lead, litharge, and sulphate of zinc, either mechanically ground, or in solution, for light colours; and japanner's gold size, or oils boiled upon litharge, for lakes; or, in some cases, manganese and verdigris for dark colours, are resorted ... Distilled Verdigris Or More Properly Refined Verdigris The Best Is
made at Montpellier in France, and is a sub-acetate of copper of a bright green colour inclining to blue. The least durable of the copper greens, it soon fades as a water-colour by the action of light, &c., and becomes first white and ultimately black... Drive The Colour Too Bare Ie Never To Empty The Brush Too Closely
but always to replenish before more is actually required. This first wash of colour not only gives a tone to the paper, but secures the pencil sketch from being rubbed out. The reason why, in this compound, yellow ochre, as a yellow, is preferred t...