Plumbago Or Graphite Contains In Spite Of Its Name No Lead Being
: ON THE NEUTRAL, BLACK.simply a species of carbon or charcoal. In most specimens iron is
present, varying in quantity from a mere trace up to five per cent,
together with silica and alumina. Sometimes manganese and titanic acid
are likewise found. It is curious that carbon should occur in two
distinct and very dissimilar forms--as diamond, and as graphite; one,
white, hard, and transparent; the other, black, soft, and opaque: the
artist, the
more or less than a black diamond. The best graphite, the finest and
most valuable for pencils, is yielded by the mine of Borrowdale, at the
west end of Derwent Lake, in Cumberland, where it was first wrought
during the reign of Elizabeth. A kind of irregular vein traverses the
ancient slate-beds of that district, furnishing the carbon of an
iron-grey colour, metallic lustre, and soft and greasy to the touch.
Universally employed in the form of crayons, &c. in sketching,
designing, and drawing, until of late years it was not acknowledged as a
pigment: yet its powers in this respect claim a place for it. As a
water-colour, levigated in gum in the usual manner, it may be
effectively used with rapidity and freedom in the shading and finishing
of pencil drawings, or as a substitute therein for Indian ink. Even in
oil it may be employed occasionally, as it possesses remarkably the
property of covering, forms very pure grey, dries quickly, injures no
colour chemically, and endures for ever. These qualities render it the
most eligible black for adding to white in minute quantity to preserve
the neutrality of its tint.
Although plumbago has usurped the name of Black Lead, there is another
substance more properly entitled to this appellation, and which may be
used in the same way, and with like effects as a pigment. This substance
is the sulphide of lead, found native in the beautiful lead ore, or
Galena, of Derbyshire. An artificial sulphide can be prepared by dry and
wet processes, which is subject to gradual oxidation on exposure to the
air, and consequent conversion into grey or white. Neither variety can
be compared to graphite for permanence, although the native is
preferable to the artificial.
Plumbago, or the so-called Black Lead, is often adulterated to an
enormous extent with lamp black.
TTITLE BLUE BLACK,
More
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Or Green Earth Is A Sober Bluish Green With A Grey Cast It Is A
species of ochre, containing silica, oxide of iron, magnesia, potash, and water. Not bright and of little power, it is a very durable pigment, being unaffected by strong light or impure air, and combining with other colours without injury. It has not ... Or Indian Blue Was Known To The Ancients Under The Name Of Indicum
whence its present appellation. In modern Europe, it first came into extensive use in Italy; but about the middle of the sixteenth century, the Dutch began to import and employ it in considerable quantity. Present in the woad plant, which is a native ... Or Iodine Scarlet Is An Iodide Of Mercury Having The Body And
opacity of vermilion, and being as much inferior to it in permanence as it is superior in brilliancy. Of all artistic pigments, it is at once the most dazzling and the most fugitive, and should have no place on the palette. If used, it should be with ... Or L500 For The Production Of Artificial Ultramarine By The Societe
... Or Lamblack Is A Smoke Black Being The Soot Procured By The Burning
of resins or resinous woods. It is a pure vegetal charcoal of fine texture, not quite so intense nor so transparent as the black made from ivory, but less brown in its pale tones. It has a very strong body that covers readily every underlay of colour,... Or Masticot Is A Protoxide Of Lead Varying From The Purest And Most
tender straw colour to a dull orange yellow, and known as Light, Yellow, and Golden Massicot. It has in painting all the properties of white lead, from which it may be prepared by gentle calcination in an open furnace. In tint with that pigment, howev... Or Mineral Grey As It Is Often Improperly Spelt Is Obtainable From
the lapis lazuli, after the blue and ash have been worked out. So derived, it is a refuse article, worthless if the stone has been skilfully exhausted of its ultramarine. As this is now generally the case, the best mineral gray is no longer a waste pr... Or More Correctly Semi-neutral Tint Is A Compound Shadow Colour Of
a cool character. It is permanent, except that on exposure the gray is apt to become grey, a change which may be prevented by a slight addition of ultramarine ash. So protected, it becomes serviceable in landscape for the extreme distance, which, it m... Or Mountain Green Is Met With In Cumberland And Is Also Found In The
... Or Penley's Neutral Orange Is A Permanent Compound Pigment Composed
of yellow ochre and the russet-marrone known as brown madder: it is chiefly valuable in water-colour. Paper, being white, is too opaque to paint upon, without some wash of colour being first passed over it; otherwise the light tones of the sky are apt... Or Queen's Yellow Is A Subsulphate Of Mercury Of A Beautiful Lemon
yellow colour, but so liable to change by the action of light or impure air, that it cannot be used safely, and hardly deserves attention as a pigment. ... Or Quercitron Yellow Is What Its Name Implies It Is Dark In
substance, in grains of a glossy fracture, perfectly transparent, and when ground is of a beautiful yellow colour. In painting it follows, and adds richness and depth to, gamboge in water, and goes well into varnish; but any lead used in rendering oil... Or Rouge De Mars Is An Artificial Iron Ochre Similar In Subdued Tint
and permanence to the native earths. Its chemical affinities, however, are greater than those of the latter, and it therefore requires to be employed cautiously with pigments affected by iron. In this respect the red resembles its compeers, Mars yello... Or Swedish Green Resembles The Preceding Variety In Being A Compound
of copper and arsenic, and therefore rankly poisonous; but differs from it in containing no acetic acid, in possessing less opacity, and in having a darker shade. It is a cupric arsenite, with the common attributes of emerald green, under which name i... Or Viride Aeris Is Of Two Kinds Common Or Impure And Crystallized Or
... Orange As Well As Its Relatives Scarlet And Other Warm Colours
... Orange Chrome Or Orange Chromate Of Lead Is A Sub-chromate Of Lead
of an orange-yellow colour, produced by the action of an alkali on chrome yellow. Like all the chromates of lead, it is characterized by power and brilliancy; but also by a rankness of tone, a want of permanence, and a tendency to injure organic pigme... Orange De Mars Is A Subdued Orange Of The Burnt Sienna Class But
without the brown tinge that distinguishes the latter. Marked by a special clearness and purity of tone, with much transparency, it affords bright sunny tints in its pale washes, and combines effectively with white. Being an artificial iron ochre it i... Orange For Instance Which Is Naturally An Orange Pigment And Not
composed of red and yellow, is superior to many mixtures of those colours in a chemical sense, and to all such mixtures in an artistic sense. At the same time, it is quite possible for the artist to multiply his pigments unnecessarily. Colours are som... Orange Russet Russet Rubiate Or Field's Russet This Is A Very
rich crimson russet with a flush of orange; pure, transparent, and of a middle hue between orange and purple. Prepared from the madder root, it is not subject to change by the action of light, time, or mixture of other pigments. Although not so much e... Orange Vermilion
TTITLE VERMILION, Deep or pale, when well made and pure is of strict permanence, not sensibly affected by light, time, or foul air; and eligible either in water, oil, or fresco. For an enamel colour it is unsuited, being dissipated at a red heat,... Otherwise Called Berlin Blue Paris Blue Prussiate Of Iron
... Oxide Of Manganese Which Gives The Red Hue And That Of Cobalt Which
... Paint Its Colouring Matter Or Anchusin Has The Character Of A Resin
and is dark-red, softened by heat, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and alkalis, and freely so in ether, fats, and volatile oils, to all of which it imparts a brilliant red hue. To obtain anchusin, all the soluble matters are first abstracted fr... Pale Chrome And Deep Chrome Are Chromates Of Lead In Which The
latter metal more or less exists, according to the paleness or depth of the colour. Of modern introduction, they are distinguished for their brilliancy, their opacity and body, and their going cordially into tint with white, both in water and oil. Owi... Pale Vermilion Scarlet Vermilion Chinese Vermilion Carmine
... Peculiar Red Mineral Orange
... Pickle Green &c
The general characteristics of these greens are brightness of colour, well suited to the purposes of house-painting, but seldom adapted to the modesty of nature in fine art; considerable permanence, except when exposed to the action of damp and impu... Picture--that Picture Which May Meet With Foul Exhalations But Must
be exposed to light and air. And he too often thinks as little of the effects of an impure atmosphere or injudicious admixture, as the chemist considers the action of air and light. ... Pigment Says The Chemical News Supplies A Desideratum Hitherto In
vain sought for by artists. It is the nearest approach to a perfect yellow in existence, and more closely resembles the purity of the prismatic spectrum than any other artificial colour. It is transparent, has great brilliancy and richness, both pure ... Pigment The [greek: Kinnabari] Of The Greeks And The Minium--a Term
now confined to red lead--of older writers. Pliny states that it was so esteemed by the Romans, as to have its price fixed by express law of state. Among other places, the natural product is met with in California, Spain, and Peru; and in China there ... Pigments And Bases Are Subject To Deoxidation Or To A Loss Of Oxygen
in which case the colour is apt to deepen. Pigments generally are more affected by oxidation and fading in a water vehicle, and by deoxidation and darkening in one of oil. A principal test of permanency in pigments is the impunity with which they b... Pigments Of Whose Thorough Durability There Is No Doubt Comes The
... Pitch And [greek: Kallos] Ornament The Blue Is Named Pittacal
The mode of separating pittacal has not been clearly described. Dumas states, that when precipitated in a flocculent state from its solutions, or obtained by evaporation, it closely resembles indigo, and, like it, acquires a coppery hue when rubbed.... Plumbago Or Graphite Contains In Spite Of Its Name No Lead Being
simply a species of carbon or charcoal. In most specimens iron is present, varying in quantity from a mere trace up to five per cent, together with silica and alumina. Sometimes manganese and titanic acid are likewise found. It is curious that carbon ... Poppy &c: In Gold Colour &c It Leans Towards Yellow Combined
... Pre-eminently A Warm Colour Being The Equal Contrast Of Or Antagonist
... Predominates To The Eye Constitute The Negative Or Neutral Colours
... Primary Blue Yellow Furnishes All The Variety Of The Secondary
... Primary Colours Are Three Only Yellow Red And Blue They Are
such as yield others by being compounded, but are not themselves capable of being produced by composition of other colours. By way of distinction, they are occasionally designated "entire" colours. ... Primary Yellow The Secondary Orange Or The Tertiary Citrine With
... Principle Under The Name Of Wongshy And Consisting Of The
seed-capsule of a species of gentian. The aqueous extract, freed from the pectin which it contains, yields with baryta- and lime-water yellow precipitates, from which acids separate the colouring matter of a vermilion hue. When thus prepared it is ins... Produced By A Thin Wash Of Black Over White The Neutral Grey Differs
... Proportions Of Thirteen Purple To Three Yellow Measured In Surface
or intensity. Being nearest to the neutral white in the natural scale of colours, yellow accords with it in conjunction; while, of all colours, except white, it contrasts black most powerfully. Yellow is discordant when standing alone with orange, uns... Purple Being A Secondary Colour Composed Of Blue And Red It
follows of course that any blue and red pigments, which are not chemically at variance, may be employed in producing mixed purples of any required hue, either by compounding or grinding them together ready for use, or by combining them in the various ... Quoque
TTITLE PRIMARY BLUE ... Recommended For Painting If Not Too Thinly Applied
... Red And Blue In The Proportions Of Five Of The Former To Eight Of
the latter; proportions which constitute a perfect purple, or one of such a hue as will neutralize and best contrast a perfect yellow, in the ratio of thirteen to three, either of surface or intensity. When mixed ... Red Indian Ochre Scarlet Ochre Carnagione Terra Puzzoli
... Red Is The Archeus Or Principal Colour In The Tertiary Russet; Enters
... Red On The One Hand And Of The Middle Tertiary Russet On The
other; while, unlike the other secondaries, all its hues, whether tending to blue or yellow, are of the same denomination. These attributes of green, which render it so universally effective in contrasting colours, cause it also to become the least ... Requires Its Contrast Orange In Equal Proportion Whether Of Surface
or intensity, to compensate or resolve its dissonances and correct its coldness. In nature, however, blue is not discordant with either green or purple, nor are any two colours (as we have said before) ever found ... Root Of The Anchusa Tinctoria Commonly Known As Alkanet A Plant
growing in the Levant, and some other warm countries. It was used by the ancients as a dye, or as a groundwork to those stuffs which were to be dyed purplish-red: the ladies in ancient times also employed it as a ... Rose Madder Which Is Indeed Indifferently Called Rose Madder Pink
... Rose Rubiate Or Liquid Madder Lake Is A Concentrated Tincture Of
madder of the most beautiful and perfect rose colour and transparency. It is used as a water colour only in its simple state, diluted with water, and with or without gum. In oil it dries by acting as a siccative. Mixed or ground with all other madder ... Royal Blue Dumont's Blue Saxon Blue Thenard's Blue
... Ru Is A Dense Deep-toned Brownish Yellow Fine In Sandy Foregrounds
With Indian yellow it gives a dark autumnal tint of great richness, but stable only as respects the ochre. When mixed with other colours, it furnishes a series of rich yet sober tones of extensive use. It covers well, without being too opaque; and com... Rubiate Or Liquid Madder Lake
TTITLE MADDER CARMINE, ... Rubric Lakes Or Field's Lakes Are Derived From The Root Of Rubia
tinctorum," a plant largely grown in France and Holland, whence the bulk of that used in England is obtained. The French madders are in a state of very fine powder, containing one half their weight of gum, sugar, salts, and other soluble substances, w... Russet Hues Of Autumn Foliage Where Purple And Orange Have Broken Or
superseded the summer green, this interlacing of colour appears; and ... Russet: It Also Furnishes A Series Of Warm Semi-neutral Colours With
black, and harmonizes in contact and variety of tints with white. Orange is an advancing colour in painting:--in nature it is effective at a great distance, acting powerfully on the eye, diminishing its sensibility in accordance with the strength of... Schools Modern Art As Founded Upon The Intellectual School Of The
ancient Greeks, became grand, scientific, and severe in the practice of Michael Angelo, and Leonardo da Vinci; graceful, beautiful and expressive in Raphael, Correggio, Dominichino, and Guido; and, aiming at ... Schweinfurt Green Vienna Green Imperial Green Brunswick
... Secondaries Orange And Green Of Both Which Yellow Is A
constituent, the latter colour is of double occurrence therein, while the other two primaries enter singly into its composition. The mean or middle hue comprehends eight blue, five red, and six yellow, of equal intensities. Hence citrine, according... Secondary Colours Are Three Only Orange Green And Purple
Each of these is composed of, or can be resolved into, two primaries. Thus, orange is composed of red and yellow; green, of yellow and blue; and purple, of blue and red. ... Semi-neutral Colours Belong To A Class Of Which Brown Marrone
... Semi-neutral Gray Is Distinguished From The Neutral Grey Which
springs in an infinite series from the mixture of the neutral black and white. Between gray and grey, however, there is no intermediate, since where colour ends in the one, neutrality commences in the other, and vice versa. Hence the natural alliance ... Semi-neutral Marrone Or Chocolate And Its Relations Puce Murrey
morelle, mordore, pompadour, &c.; and is more or less present in ...